Frameworks: ARP and Cairngorm
ARP and Cairngorm are two examples of pattern-based frameworks for Flash development.

ARP, developed by OSFlash coordinator Aral Balkan, is appropriate for Flash or Flex development. Like Cairngorm and other frameworks, ARP provides a core set of lightweight classes to aid in design pattern-based development.

Cairngorm is a framework for Flex application development, and has some commonalities with ARP. Cairngorm was developed by iteration::two (recently acquired by Macromedia). Alistair McLeod, RIA Practice Director (EMEA) at Macromedia (Adobe) and Cairngorm developer, noted that one key benefit of Cairngorm is the employment of accepted patterns. Cairngorm may be especially useful for Java developers who are transitioning to Flex.

"Cairngorm is based upon the design patterns used by Java enterprise developers and this makes it much easier for Java developers to reach across the divide into the Flash platform. We have already seen substantial evidence from clients that this framework has made it much easier for their enterprise Java developers to start working with Flex," said McLeod.

Balkan and McLeod both agree that the choice between ARP and Cairngorm depends on the project and the developers involved, and that in some cases a framework may not be appropriate at all.

ActionStep Component Framework
ActionStep is a project worth watching. Although not currently in a final release, the ActionStep team has made some interesting accomplishments in creating an open source component framework for Flash.

ActionStep is based on the OpenStep API specification created by NeXT, which was later purchased by Apple. Developers familiar with Cocoa or GNUstep will have an easy time picking up ActionStep and diving into Flash development.

ActionStep promises some very exciting features, including layout components, a declarative layout language called ASML (a la MXML, XUL, or XAML), and simplified skinning. The ActionStep team, comprising Scott Hyndman, Richard Kilmer and Ray Chuan, anticipates that a beta release of ActionStep will be available for the New Year (see Figure 3).

Screenweaver: Open Source Flash on the Desktop
There are numerous commercial applications that allow SWF files to be embedded into an executable application. Typically these applications allow the developer to augment the functionality of Flash with features that are more appropriate to a desktop application.

Screenweaver started as a commercial project, but was later released as an open source project. Currently, Screenweaver 3 can be used to create Windows applications with SWF content.

An interesting development is the Screenweaver 4 project. Screenweaver 4 represents a shift away from the typical "SWF2EXE" approach and instead attempts to provide a toolkit for developers looking to create desktop applications that use Flash for the presentation tier.

On the difference between Screenweaver 3 and Screenweaver 4, developer Edwin van Rijkom comments: "SW3 is aimed at Flash developers who want to create Windows desktop applications using Flash. It does so by bringing Windows operating system functionality to ActionScript. Using this model, all application logic is contained in Flash and written by the Flash developer. At a high level, the SW3 GUI tool also offers several wizards for quickly putting together relatively simple projects like screen savers or small desktop widgets. SW4 is a platform for traditional desktop application programmers who wish to deploy Flash as a GUI for their application. As a result, SW4 consists of a set of libraries these developers can link to. Additionally, the SW4 platform offers tools that manage the workflow between the traditional coder, and the Flash designer/developer who will be responsible for creating the GUI."

Screenweaver 4 is currently in Alpha release (see Figure 4).

AFLAX: Flash, Sans ActionScript
Developer Paul Colton recently released a toolkit that supports a technology he calls AFLAX. The AFLAX project provides a small "bootstrap" SWF file that can be interacted with through JavaScript. The project is presumably aimed at AJAX developers who wish to use Flash for the drawing and video without adopting ActionScript into their workflow.

Using the AFLAX toolkit, a developer can instantiate ActionScript objects and create graphical assets using pure JavaScript on the client side. The Aflax.org Website provides some compelling examples (most of which are ported from ActionScript examples) that are based completely in JavaScript (see Figure 5).

But Wait, There's More
As with any platform, the role of the developer community is essential to the success of the Flash Platform. When we look at the open source community surrounding Flash, we see a dedicated group of developers working incredibly hard to create tools to shape the future of the Flash Platform.

It just isn't possible, in a single article, to cover all of the great projects that are going on in the open source Flash community right now. For a comprehensive list of these projects, or to get involved, visit the OSFlash.org Website.